lunes, 30 de abril de 2012

Iglesia católica etíope






La iglesia católica etíope es una de las iglesias orientales católicas en plena comunión con el Papa de Roma, dentro de su jurisdicción están incluidos los ritos etíope y latino.


Los portugueses al final del siglo XV establecieron contactos directos entre la iglesia de Roma y la iglesia de Etiopía. El papa Urbano VIII nombró un patriarca de Etiopía en el año 1622 que fue expulsado del país en el 1636, esos contactos que parecían destinados al éxito, terminaron en el completo cierre de Etiopía a todo contacto con Roma.
En 1839, San Justino de Jacobis arribó al país como prefecto apostólico de Etiopía, a cargo de una jurisdicción de rito latino. Él prefirió usar el rito etiópico. Muchos sacerdotes etíopes fueron atraídos por su santidad y enseñanzas, así dio nacimiento a lo que en 1930 se volvió la Iglesia católica etíope.
En vista de su continuo crecimiento un ordinariato para los fieles de rito etiópico de Eritrea, confiado a un obispo erítreo, fue establecido. Eritrea, una posesión italiana desde 1894, ya tenía una jurisdicción eclesiástica separada, encabezada por un obispo titular italiano para los católicos latinos principalmente italianos.
El rito latino se estableció en el sur de Etiopía en áreas que no habían sido cristianizadas y que fueron incorporadas al país al final del siglo XIX. La ocupación italiana de Etiopía en 1936 dio lugar a la aparición de gran número de jurisdicciones de rito latino, pero la expulsión de los misioneros extranjeros al final de la segunda guerra mundial significó que los clérigos de rito etíope tomaran responsibilidades en grandes áreas del país.
Por consiguiente, en 1951, fue establecido el exarcado apostólico de Addis Abeba y el ordinariato para Eritrea fue elevado al rango de exarcado. Diez años después, el 9 de abril de 1961, una metrópolis etíope fue establecida, con Addis Abeba como sede metropolitana y Asmara (en Eritrea) y Adigrat (en Etiopía) como eparquías sufragáneas.
En 1995, dos nuevas eparquías, Barentu y Keren, fueron establecidas en Eritrea y el vicariato apostólico latino fue abolido. Eritrea se volvió el único país donde todos los católicos, cualquiera sea su rito litúrgico personal, quedaron bajo una jurisdicción de rito oriental. En 2003, una nueva eparquía fue creada en Emdeber en Etiopía.
El Ge'ez, un lenguaje semítico no hablado desde hace siglos atrás, es el lenguaje litúrgico de la iglesia etíope, cuya liturgia está basada en la copta.



domingo, 29 de abril de 2012

Iglesia greco-católica croata

La Iglesia greco-católica croata, Iglesia católica bizantina de la eparquía de Križevci o iglesia católica bizantina croata es una de las Iglesias orientales católicas sui iuris en plena comunión con la Santa Sede de la Iglesia católica. Utiliza el rito bizantino, su lenguaje litúrgico es el antiguo eslavo eclesiástico en alfabeto cirílico y glagolítico.
La Iglesia se estructura en dos diócesis: la Eparquía de Krizevci, que comprende Croacia, Bosnia y Herzegovina, y Eslovenia; y el Exarcado Apostólico de Serbia y Montenegro.

jueves, 26 de abril de 2012

Iglesia católica copta

La Iglesia católica copta es una de las Iglesias orientales católicas sui iuris de rito alejandrino, es decir, que forma parte del grupo de Iglesias autónomas que aceptan la autoridad del papa y forman parte de la Iglesia católica. Históricamente los coptos católicos proceden de un cisma de la Iglesia copta, concentrándose principalmente en el alto Egipto.
En el pasado se aplicó a los católicos coptos (lo mismo que a los demás católicos de rito oriental) el término uniatos considerado hoy despectivo e inexacto.
Los lenguajes litúrgicos utilizados por los coptos católicos son el idioma copto y el árabe.
Su autoridad suprema es el "patriarca de Alejandría de los coptos", quien tiene las oficinas del patriarcado en El Cairo, Egipto, aunque la catedral de su eparquía (Iglesia Nuestra Señora de Egipto) se halla en el suburbio de Pont de Koubbeh. El actual patriarca (en 2011) es el Cardenal Antonios Naguib desde 2006.



martes, 24 de abril de 2012

Chaldean Catholic Church

The Chaldean Catholic Church (Syriac: ܥܕܬܐ ܟܠܕܝܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝܬܐ; ʿītha kaldetha qāthuliqetha), is an Eastern Syriac particular church of the Catholic Church, maintaining full communion with the Bishop of Rome and the rest of the Catholic Church. The Chaldean Catholic Church presently comprises an estimated 1,500,000 Chaldean Christians who are ethnic Assyrians.



Chaldeans and other religious minorities in Iraq have endured extensive persecution since 2003, including the abductions and murders of their religious leaders, threats of violence or death if they do not abandon their homes and businesses, and the bombing or destruction of their churches and other places of worship. All this has occurred as anti-Christian emotions rise within Iraq. It reached its peak after the fall of Saddam and the rise of Shiite Muslims in the Iraqi government.
Father Ragheed Aziz Ganni, pastor of the Chaldean Church of the Holy Spirit, was killed on 3 June 2007 in Mosul, Iraq alongside the subdeacons Basman Yousef Daud, Wahid Hanna Isho, and Gassan Isam Bidawed, after he celebrated mass.
Chaldean Archbishop Paulos Faraj Rahho and three companions were abducted on 29 February 2008, Mosul, Iraq, and murdered a few days later.





lunes, 23 de abril de 2012

Bulgarian Catholic Church

Roman Catholicism is the third largest religious congregation in Bulgaria, after Eastern Orthodoxy and Islam. It has roots in the country since the Middle Ages and is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and curia in Rome.
As an entity, the Catholic Church consists of two dioceses in Bulgaria, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sofia and Plovdiv with the Seat in Plovdiv and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nikopol with the Seat in Rouse, for those of the Latin Rite, and an exarchate with its seat in Sofia for those of the Eastern Rite.

In the Bulgarian census of 2001, a total of 43,811 people declared themselves to be Roman Catholics, down from 53,074 in the previous census of 1992, due mainly to intermarriage and emigration. The vast majority of the Catholics in Bulgaria in 2001 were ethnic Bulgarians, although 2,500 of them were Turks and additional 2,000 belonged to a number of other ethnic groups.
Bulgarian Catholics live predominantly in the regions of Svishtov and Plovdiv and are mostly descendants of the heretical Christian sect of the Paulicians, which converted to Roman Catholicism in the 16th and 17th centuries. The largest Roman Catholic Bulgarian town is Rakovski in Plovdiv Province. Ethnic Bulgarian Roman Catholics known as the Banat Bulgarians also inhabit the Central European region of the Banat. Their number is unofficially estimated at about 12,000, although Romanian censuses count only 6,500 Banat Bulgarians in the Romanian part of the region.
Bulgarian Catholics are descendants of three groups. The first one is the group of the Catholics of northwestern Bulgaria, who are successors of Saxon ore miners that settled the area in the Middle Ages and that gradually became Bulgarian, as well as people from the colonies of the Republic of Ragusa in the larger cities. Converted Paulicians from the course of the Osam (between Stara Planina and the Danube) and from around Plovdiv are the second (and largest) group, while the third (and most limited) one is formed by more recent Eastern Orthodox converts.



domingo, 22 de abril de 2012

Belarusian Greek Catholic Church

The Belarusian Greek Catholic Church (Belarusian: Беларуская грэка-каталіцкая царква, BHKC), sometimes called, in reference to its Byzantine Rite, the Belarusian Byzantine Catholic Church, is the heir within Belarus of the Union of Brest. It is listed in the Annuario Pontificio as a sui iuris Church, an Eastern rite particular Church in full union with the Catholic Church.


At the beginning of 2005, the Belarusian Greek Catholic Church had 20 parishes, of which 13 had obtained state recognition. As of 2003, there have been two Belarusian Greek Catholic parishes in each of the following cities - Minsk, Polatsk and Vitsebsk; and only one in Brest, Hrodna, Mahiliou, Maladziechna and Lida. The faithful permanently attached to these came to about 3,000, while some 4,000 others lived outside the pastoral range of the parishes. There were 10 priests, and 15 seminarians. There was a small Studite monastery at Polatsk.
Two of the parishes had small churches. Some of the others had pastoral centres with an oratory.
Belarusian Greek Catholics abroad, numbering about 2,000, are under the care of Mitred Protopresbyter Alexander Nadson as Apostolic Visitator. The chief centres are in London and Antwerp (constituted in 2003).
A parish in Chicago, that of Christ the Redeemer, existed from 1955 to 2003. It was founded by Father John Chrysostom Tarasevich and was later the home parish of Bishop Uladzimir Tarasevich until his death, after which it was administered by the local Latin Catholic ordinary, who appointed first Father Joseph Cirou and then Father John Mcdonnell as administrators. On 7 September 1996, the parish had seen the ordination of Michael Huskey as the first Belarusian deacon in the United States. Father Deacon Michael served in the parish until it was closed by Cardinal Francis George, Archbishop of Chicago, on 20 July 2003.


sábado, 21 de abril de 2012

Armenian Catholic Church

The Armenian Catholic Church (Armenian: Հայ Կաթողիկէ Եկեղեցի Hay Kat’oġikē Ekeġec’i) is an Eastern Catholic Church sui juris in union with the other Eastern Rite, Oriental Rite and Latin Rite Catholics who accept the Bishop of Rome as spiritual leader of the Church. It is regulated by Eastern canon law. Since 1749, the Armenian Catholic Church has been headquartered at the Armenian Catholic Patriarchate complex in Bzoummar, Lebanon.


 The Armenian Catholic Patriarchate of the See of Cilicia is the supreme authority of the Armenian Catholic Church. Nerses Bedros XIX Tarmouni is the current Catholicos-Patriarch. The church belongs to the group of Eastern Rite Catholic churches and uses the Armenian Rite and the Armenian language in its liturgy.


Apart from Armenia, France and North America (Canada, U.S.A. and Mexico), sizable Armenian Catholic communities exist in Argentina, Australia, Lebanon, Syria, Romania and Turkey.