Bulgarian Catholic Church

Roman Catholicism is the third largest religious congregation in Bulgaria, after Eastern Orthodoxy and Islam. It has roots in the country since the Middle Ages and is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and curia in Rome.
As an entity, the Catholic Church consists of two dioceses in Bulgaria, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sofia and Plovdiv with the Seat in Plovdiv and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Nikopol with the Seat in Rouse, for those of the Latin Rite, and an exarchate with its seat in Sofia for those of the Eastern Rite.

In the Bulgarian census of 2001, a total of 43,811 people declared themselves to be Roman Catholics, down from 53,074 in the previous census of 1992, due mainly to intermarriage and emigration. The vast majority of the Catholics in Bulgaria in 2001 were ethnic Bulgarians, although 2,500 of them were Turks and additional 2,000 belonged to a number of other ethnic groups.
Bulgarian Catholics live predominantly in the regions of Svishtov and Plovdiv and are mostly descendants of the heretical Christian sect of the Paulicians, which converted to Roman Catholicism in the 16th and 17th centuries. The largest Roman Catholic Bulgarian town is Rakovski in Plovdiv Province. Ethnic Bulgarian Roman Catholics known as the Banat Bulgarians also inhabit the Central European region of the Banat. Their number is unofficially estimated at about 12,000, although Romanian censuses count only 6,500 Banat Bulgarians in the Romanian part of the region.
Bulgarian Catholics are descendants of three groups. The first one is the group of the Catholics of northwestern Bulgaria, who are successors of Saxon ore miners that settled the area in the Middle Ages and that gradually became Bulgarian, as well as people from the colonies of the Republic of Ragusa in the larger cities. Converted Paulicians from the course of the Osam (between Stara Planina and the Danube) and from around Plovdiv are the second (and largest) group, while the third (and most limited) one is formed by more recent Eastern Orthodox converts.